Glossary

Another term for sucrose.

A bacterium that occurs mainly in the gut, especially a serotype causing food poisoning

A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds. A fat is made of two kinds of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids. Fats are made of long chains of carbon (C) atoms. Some carbon atoms are linked by single bonds (-C-C-) and others are linked by double bonds (-C=C-). Double bonds can react with hydrogen to form single bonds. They are called saturated, because the second bond is broken and each half of the bond is attached to (saturated with) a hydrogen atom. Most animal fats are saturated. The fats of plants and fish are generally unsaturated.

A liquid or semi-liquid substance served with food to add moistness and flavour.

Scalded milk is dairy milk that has been heated to 82 °C (180 °F). At this temperature, bacteria are killed, enzymes in the milk are destroyed, and many of the proteins are denatured. Since most milk sold today is pasteurized, which accomplishes the first two goals, milk is typically scalded to increase its temperature, or to change the consistency or other cooking interactions due to the denaturing of proteins.

A serologically distinguishable strain of a microorganism.

Milk from which the cream has been removed.

A pale yellow drying or semidrying oil that is obtained from soybeans and is used chiefly as a food, in paints, varnishes, linoleum, printing ink, and soap, and as a source of phospholipids, fatty acids, and sterols — called also soya oil.

The ability to be dissolved, especially in water.

A soft paste that can be applied in a layer to bread or other food.

A bacterium of a genus that includes many pathogenic kinds that cause pus formation, especially in the skin and mucous membranes.

The process of making something free from bacteria or other living microorganisms.

Sucrose is common table sugar. It is a disaccharide, a molecule composed of two monosaccharides: glucose and fructose. Sucrose is produced naturally in plants, from which table sugar is refined.

Is a colorless gas with a pungent odor. It is a liquid when under pressure, and it dissolves in water very easily. Sulfur dioxide in the air comes mainly from activities such as the burning of coal and oil at power plants or from copper smelting.

Sulfites or sulphites are compounds that contain the sulfite ion. The sulfite ion is the conjugate base of bisulfite. Although its acid (sulfurous acid) is elusive, its salts are widely used.